Federalism is a self and sharing of rule where government divides and distributes power between the central government and the political division of government. Nepal has three tiers of government i.e (Central, Provincial and Local.) There are 28 countries including Nepal adopting the federation system in the world which covers more than 40% of the total population in the world.
The crux of the Federal system is either for managing the large territory country or the country with massive social diversity. There are two causes behind demanding federalism in Nepal:
- Justiciable distribution of power and resources;
- Accommodation of ethnic, linguistic and religious diversity of country;
Thus, the Interim Constitution of Nepal declared that Nepal’s future structure will be a federal system.
- First CA Committee proposed 14 provinces on the basis of identity and capabilities.
- High-Level Commission on Restructuring State recommended 11 provinces including one non-territorial province for Dalit community.
The basis of forming federal structures was:
Identity -
- Ethnicity,
- language,
- culture,
- geographical/regional continuity
- historical continuity; and
Capabilities:
- economic inter-relation and capability,
- condition and possibility of infrastructural development,
- availability of natural means and resources and
- administrative easiness.
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