Causes of the Decades long Maoist Movement in Nepal

In 1996: Communist Party of Nepal – Maoist submits 40 points demand to the government with
ultimatum to launch war if the demands not met.People’s war launched by CPN – Maoist (February)

Some of the major causes are discussed below.

 

Socio-economic cause

• Rampant poverty 
• widespread unemployment
• Social discrimination based on class, caste, gender, ethnicity and geography
• A centralized, power-based and corrupt governing system
• Injustice, inequalities and Denial of access to, and control over production of resources 
• Differential access to the resources/opportunities
• Lack of basic services to poor and marginalized sections of society
• Failure of the Constitution to address the problems of the people                   

Ideological   

•  Lack of conceptual clarity, 
• ideological confusion 
• operational contradictions      within parliament and political parties.

Geographical

• Geographical isolation and Concentration of resources in city centres and accessible areas only
• Ignorance and marginalization of remote and inaccessible areas

International 

• Changes in the global security paradigm and responses 
• Growing interests of powerful countries (political; economic, i.e. in natural Resources/water;    historical legacies; religious; strategic and military particularly multiple interests of India and the USA 
• Various interests of influential external actors (World Bank, Asian Development bank, International Monetary Fund, others)